The Mediating Role of Hedonic and Utilitarian Behavior in the Influence of Parasocial Interaction on Youtube on a Female Beauty Product Purchase Intention
Abstract
The beauty product sector in Indonesia is currently experiencing intensifying competition. Recent research indicate that a beauty product is highly susceptible to problems within the cosmetics sector, particularly in Indonesia. This consistently elucidates that there are factors influencing the intensity of beauty product acquisitions. The objective of this study is to examine the factors influencing the frequency of Maybelline cosmetic product purchases among women in Indonesia. The characteristics that quantify buying intensity include parasocial interaction, hedonic behavior, and utilitarian conduct. This research employs a quantitative methodology via a survey with a questionnaire. This study had a total of 145 individuals. This study used purposive sampling by establishing criteria for participant selection, specifically targeting women residing in Jabodetabek, who are YouTube users and have viewed Maybelline beauty product review video on the platform. This study employs PLS-SEM modeling utilizing SmartPLS as the analytical tool. This study's results indicate that social interaction greatly affects hedonic, utilitarian, and purchasing intentions. Conversely, hedonic and utilitarian outcomes yield distinct results in elucidating their impact on buying intensity. This is also pertinent to the outcomes of the indirect effect. This study enhances the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology by incorporating hedonic motivation as a significant factor in comprehending consumer technology uptake.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Agung, H., Christian, M., & Loisa, J. (2020). Perilaku Pengguna Shopee Terhadap Pembelian Multiproduk dengan Pendekatan Theory of Reasoned Action. Go-Integratif : Jurnal Teknik Sistem Dan Industri, 01(01), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.35261/gijtsi.v1i01.4005
Anindyasari, Y., & Kusumasondjaya, S. (2019). Pengaruh Interaksi Parasosial Terhadap Hubungan Parasosial, Kredibilitas Endorser dan Niat Beli Penggemar Syahrini Terhadap Produk Kosmetik di Media Instagram. Arthavidya Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi, 21(2), 124–134. https://doi.org/10.37303/a.v21i2.131
Astarini, D., & Sumardi, A. (2021). Drivers and Outcomes of Credibility and Parasocial Interaction to Purchase Intentions. Proceedings of the First Lekantara Annual Conference on Public Administration, Literature, Social Sciences, Humanities, and Education, LePALISSHE 2021. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.3-8-2021.2315150
Atulkar, S. (2020). Utilitarian Motives and Purchase Behaviour of Indian Mall Shoppers. Journal of Promotion Management, 27(3), 464–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/10496491.2020.1838024
Aulia, A., Suminar, J. R., & Prasanti, D. (2023). Pengaruh Motivasi Entertainment, Pass Time, dan Self Presentation Terhadap Hubungan Parasosial Penonton Netflix. KOMUNIKATIF: Jurnal Ilmiah Komunikasi, 12(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.33508/jk.v12i2.4715
Aw, E. C.-X., Tan, G. W.-H., Chuah, S. H.-W., Ooi, K.-B., & Hajli, N. (2023). Be my friend! Cultivating parasocial relationships with social media influencers: findings from PLS-SEM and fsQCA. Information Technology & People, 36(1), 66–94. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-07-2021-0548
Beautemps, J., & Bresges, A. (2022). The influence of the parasocial relationship on the learning motivation and learning growth with educational YouTube videos in self regulated learning. Frontiers in Education, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.1021798
Bond, B. J. (2020). The Development and Influence of Parasocial Relationships With Television Characters: A Longitudinal Experimental Test of Prejudice Reduction Through Parasocial Contact. Communication Research, 48(4), 573–593. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650219900632
Bond, B. J. (2022). Parasocial relationships as functional social alternatives during pandemic-induced social distancing. In Psychology of Popular Media (Vol. 11, Issue 3, pp. 250–257). Educational Publishing Foundation. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000364
Cai, J., Wohn, D. Y., Mittal, A., & Sureshbabu, D. (2018). Utilitarian and Hedonic Motivations for Live Streaming Shopping. Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Conference on Interactive Experiences for TV and Online Video, 81–88. https://doi.org/10.1145/3210825.3210837
Canover, R. S. P., & Kartikasari, D. (2021). Penetration of Imported Products on E-Commerce Platform in Indonesia and Strategies for Improving Local Product Competitiveness. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 5(1), 23–33.
Chan, V., Silva, S. C., & Lampo, A. (2022). How Social Media Affects the Purchase Intentions of Female Consumers in Macao - Watching Beauty and Cosmetics Product Experience Videos on Youtube. Revista Gestão Em Análise, 11(3), 107–118. https://doi.org/10.12662/2359-618xregea.v11i3.p107-118.2022
Chandon, P., Morwitz, V. G., & Reinartz, W. J. (2005). Do Intentions Really Predict Behavior? Self-Generated Validity Effects in Survey Research. Journal of Marketing, 69(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.69.2.1.60755
Chang, Y.-W., Hsu, P.-Y., Chen, J., Shiau, W.-L., & Xu, N. (2023). Utilitarian and/or hedonic shopping – consumer motivation to purchase in smart stores. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 123(3), 821–842. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-04-2022-0250
Cholifaturrosida, A. P., Mawardi, M. K., & Bafadhal, A. S. (2018). Pengaruh Hedonic dan Utilitarian Motivation Terhadap Behavioral Intention Pada Pemilihan Tas Mewah (Survei Online Terhadap Konsumen Wanita yang membeli Tas Mewah Pada Store Urban Icon di Surabaya). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 55(2), 75–83. http://administrasibisnis.studentjournal.ub.ac.id/index.php/jab/article/view/2274/2676
Christian, M., & Agung, H. (2020). Urban Consumer Behavior On Buying Multi-Products On ShopeeUsing Technology Acceptance Model(TAM). Widyakala Journal, 7(2), 54–60. https://doi.org/10.36262/widyakala.v7i2.337
Christian, M., Girsang, L. R. M., Yulita, H., Sunarno, S., Muzammil, O. M., & Arifin, P. (2024). Do Women Consider Purchasing Eco-Friendly Beauty Products? An Examination of Personal Motivations and Perceived Social Media Marketing BT - Technology: Toward Business Sustainability (B. Alareeni & A. Hamdan (eds.); pp. 291–302). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54009-7_27
Christian, M., Gularso, K., Utomo, P., Yulita, H., Wibowo, S., Sunarno, S., & Melati, R. (2023). Generation YZ’s E-Healthcare Use Factors Distribution in COVID-19’s Third Year: A UTAUT Modeling. Journal of Distribution Science, 21(7), 117–129. https://doi.org/10.15722/jds.21.07.202307.117
Christian, M., Wibowo, S., Yulita, H., Melati, R., Sunarno, S., & Titis Perdini, F. (2023). Two phases of online food delivery app users’ behavior in Greater Jakarta during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic: Perceptions of food safety and hygiene. Environmental Health Engineering and Management, 10(3), 249–259. https://doi.org/10.34172/EHEM.2023.28
de Bérail, P., Guillon, M., & Bungener, C. (2019). The relations between YouTube addiction, social anxiety and parasocial relationships with YouTubers: A moderated-mediation model based on a cognitive-behavioral framework. Computers in Human Behavior, 99, 190–204. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.05.007
Ekawati, N. W., Yasa, N. N. K., Kusumadewi, N. M. W., & Setinia, M. (2021). The effect of hedonic value, brand personality appeal, and attitude towards behavioral intention. Management Science Letters, 11, 253–260. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.8.008
Ferdinand, M., & Ciptono, W. S. (2022). Indonesia’s Cosmetics Industry Attractiveness, Competitiveness and Critical Success Factor Analysis. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Management (Jurnal Manajemen Teori Dan Terapan), 15(2), 209–223. https://doi.org/10.20473/jmtt.v15i2.37451
Fitriani, W. R., Mulyono, A. B., Hidayanto, A. N., & Munajat, Q. (2020). Reviewer’s communication style in YouTube product-review videos: does it affect channel loyalty? Heliyon, 6(9), e04880. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04880
Flecha-Ortiz, J. A., Feliberty-Lugo, V., Santos-Corrada, M., Lopez, E., & Dones, V. (2023). Hedonic and Utilitarian Gratifications to the Use of TikTok by Generation Z and the Parasocial Relationships with Influencers as a Mediating Force to Purchase Intention. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 23(2), 114–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2023.2195403
Forster, R. T., Vendemia, M. A., Journeay, J. M., & Downey, S. E. (2022). Mixing Parasocial Friendship With Business. Journal of Media Psychology, 35(4), 241–252. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000362
Frost, J., Boukris, N., & Roelofsma, P. (2012). We like to move it move it! motivation and parasocial interaction. CHI ’12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2465–2470. https://doi.org/10.1145/2212776.2223820
Fülöp, M. T., Topor, D. I., Căpușneanu, S., Ionescu, C. A., & Akram, U. (2023). Utilitarian and Hedonic Motivation in E-Commerce Online Purchasing Intentions. Eastern European Economics, 61(5), 591–613. https://doi.org/10.1080/00128775.2023.2197878
Gopakumar, S., & Dananjayan, M. P. (2024). It Must Be Excellent If an Instagram Star Endorses It, Right? Inquiring About the Parasocial Interactions and Online Purchase Intention. Business Perspectives and Research, 22785337241247892. https://doi.org/10.1177/22785337241247892
Hair, J., Hollingsworth, C. L., Randolph, A. B., & Chong, A. Y. L. (2017). An updated and expanded assessment of PLS-SEM in information systems research. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 117(3), 442–458. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-04-2016-0130
Handriana, T., Dananjaya, D. I. T., Lestari, Y. D., & Aisyah, R. A. (2019). Parasocial Interaction between Youtube Beauty Vlogger and Millennial Consumers in Indonesia. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 9(8), 181–196.
Hausman, A. (2000). A multi‐method investigation of consumer motivations in impulse buying behavior. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 17(5), 403–426. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760010341045
Ho, H.-C., Chiu, C. L., Mansumitrchai, S., & Quarles, B. J. (2020). Hedonic and utilitarian value as a mediator of men’s intention to purchase cosmetics. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 11(1), 71–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/20932685.2019.1682026
Horton, D., & Richard Wohl, R. (1956). Mass Communication and Para-Social Interaction. Psychiatry, 19(3), 215–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1956.11023049
Hwang, K., & Zhang, Q. (2018). Influence of parasocial relationship between digital celebrities and their followers on followers’ purchase and electronic word-of-mouth intentions, and persuasion knowledge. Computers in Human Behavior, 87, 155–173. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.029
Indrawati, I., Ramantoko, G., Widarmanti, T., Aziz, I. A., & Khan, F. U. (2022). Utilitarian, hedonic, and self-esteem motives in online shopping. Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC, 26(2), 231–246. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-06-2021-0113
Izani, I. S., Omar, S. A. S., Sani, A., Thaheer, A. S. M., & Ahmad, S. F. S. (2023). Factors Influencing Purchase Intention towards International Cosmetic Products among Malay Women. Information Management and Business Review, 15(4), 502–507. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v15i4(SI)I.3626
Janany, E., & Shanmugathas, S. (2017). The Factors Influencing on Purchase Intention Towards Beauty Care Products in Jaffna District. Research Journal of Social Science & Management & Management, 7(4), 1–13.
Joelle, R. M., Sudarmiatin, S., & Hermawan, A. (2017). Analysis of Women Consumer Behavior for Purchasing “Oriflame” Cosmetic Product: Phenomenology. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(6), 887–895. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i6/3047
Kim, H. (2020). Unpacking Unboxing Video-Viewing Motivations: The Uses and Gratifications Perspective and the Mediating Role of Parasocial Interaction on Purchase Intent. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 20(3), 196–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2020.1828202
Kittikowit, S., Suwanabubpa, K., & Sithisomwong, S. (2018). Factors Influencing Purchase Intention on Cosmetic Products of Female Consumers in Yangon, Myanmar. International Journal of Organizational Business Excellence, 1(2), 77–90. https://doi.org/10.21512/ijobex.v1i2.7151
Kühne, R., & Opree, S. J. (2020). From Admiration to Devotion? The Longitudinal Relation between Adolescents’ Involvement with and Viewing Frequency of Reality TV. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 64(2), 111–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2020.1728688
Kurnia, S. N., & Mayangsari, L. (2020). Barriers in Purchasing Green Cosmetic Products Among Indonesian Women. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 5(8), 72–84. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v5i8.465
Kusumaningrum, A., Wicaksono, B., & Saniatuzzulfa, R. (2018). Hubungan Electronic Word of Mouth dan Hedonic Shopping Motivation dengan Perilaku Konsumtif Produk Make Up pada Mahasiswi. Jurnal Psikologi, 14(1), 50–59. https://doi.org/10.24014/jp.v14i1.4698
Kusumawati, M., & Rahmawan, G. (2021). Factors Influence of Purchase Intention on Beauty Product. International Journal of Educational Research & Social Sciences Social Sciences, 2(1), 158–172. https://doi.org/10.51601/ijersc.v2i1.27
Kuswati, R., Soepatini, S., Kussudyarsana, K., & Zakiyah, S. (2024). Parasocial Interactions of Indonesian Beauty Vloggers in the Digital Age: Do they Impact Purchases by Millennial Netizens? WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications, 21, 196–207. https://doi.org/10.37394/23209.2024.21.19
Laradi, S., Alrawad, M., Lutfi, A., & Agag, G. (2024). Understanding factors affecting social commerce purchase behavior: A longitudinal perspective. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 78, 103751. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103751
Maharani, S., & Suprayogo, D. (2024). The role of parasocial interaction as a mediator in the influence between trust and beauty influencer expertise on purchase intention (study on beauty influencer Abel Cantika). World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 22(2), 2152–2162. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.2.1596
Martín-Consuegra, D., Díaz, E., Gómez, M., & Molina, A. (2019). Examining consumer luxury brand-related behavior intentions in a social media context: The moderating role of hedonic and utilitarian motivations. Physiology & Behavior, 200, 104–110. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.03.028
Mason, T. B., Smith, K. E., Lavender, J. M., & Leventhal, A. M. (2020). Longitudinal Prospective Association between Hedonic Hunger and Unhealthy Food and Drink Intake in Adolescents. In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (Vol. 17, Issue 24). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249375
Nadroo, Z. M., Lim, W. M., & Naqshbandi, M. A. (2024). Domino effect of parasocial interaction: Of vicarious expression, electronic word-of-mouth, and bandwagon effect in online shopping. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 78, 103746. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103746
Nagara, M. R. N. D., & Nurhajati, L. (2022). The Construction and Adoption of Beauty Standard by Youth Female as the Consumer of K-Beauty Products in Indonesia. JURKOM: Jurnal Riset Komunikasi, 5(2), 258–277. https://doi.org/10.38194/jurkom.v5i2.543
Najib, M. F., Fauziah, T., Djatnika, T., Saefuloh, D., & Purnamasari, D. (2021). The Impact of Utilitarian and Hedonic Values on Hijab Buying Intentions: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Marketing Innovation, 1, 154–168.
Ng, P. M. L., Cheung, C. T. Y., Lit, K. K., Wan, C., & Choy, E. T. K. (2024). Green consumption and sustainable development: The effects of perceived values and motivation types on green purchase intention. Business Strategy and the Environment, 33(2), 1024–1039. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3535
Novela, S., Sihombing, Y. O., Novita, Caroline, E., & Octavia, R. (2020). The Effects of Hedonic and Utilitarian Motivation toward Online Purchase Intention with Attitude as Intervening Variable. 2020 International Conference on Information Management and Technology (ICIMTech), 75–80. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMTech50083.2020.9211197
Orivia, A. I. (2023). Pengaruh Strategi Bauran Pemasaran Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen Produk Kosmetik Maybelline. Jurnal Bisnis Manajemen Dan Akuntansi (BISMAK), 3(2), 66–74. https://doi.org/10.47701/bismak.v3i2.2931
Park, E.-J., & Jung, Y.-J. (2013). Effects of e-reviews on purchase intention for cosmetics. Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 22(2), 343–355. https://doi.org/10.5934/kjhe.2013.22.2.343
Purnamaningsih, P., Choirisa, S. F., Rizkalla, N., & Lestari, E. D. (2024). Role of Parasocial Interaction and Credibility in Beauty Influencer to Improve Purchase Intention. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 9(SI19), 45–51. https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v9iSI19.5768
Purnamaningsih, P., & Rizkalla, N. (2020). The Role of Parasocial Interaction on Consumers’ Intention to Purchase Beauty Products. Revista CEA, 6(12), 13–27. https://doi.org/10.22430/24223182.1617
Rasmussen, L. (2018). Parasocial Interaction in the Digital Age: An Examination of Relationship Building and the Effectiveness of YouTube Celebrities. The Journal of Social Media in Society, 7(1), 280–294.
Ratulangi, A., & Kuswati, R. (2024). Understanding The Role of Attractiveness and Parasocial Interaction on Hedonics Consumption: Cognitive Assimilation as Mediating. Southeast Asian Business Review, 2(1), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.20473/sabr.v2i1.54159
Rehman, W., & Mian, A. K. (2021). Towards Female Buying Behavior in Beauty and Grooming Industry of Pakistan: Modeling the mediating role of Purchase intentions. Abasyn Journal of Social Sciences, 14, 34–50. https://doi.org/10.34091/AJSS.14.1.03
Sakib, M. D. N., Zolfagharian, M., & Yazdanparast, A. (2020). Does parasocial interaction with weight loss vloggers affect compliance? The role of vlogger characteristics, consumer readiness, and health consciousness. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 52, 101733. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.01.002
Septiani, L. A. (2021). Bagaimana Konsumen Kosmetik Memerhatikan Beauty Vlogger dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Niat Beli. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 9(2), 634–650. https://doi.org/10.26740/jim.v9n2.p634-650
Shariffadeen, T. S. A. T. M. A., & Manaf, A. M. A. (2020). Malaysian female users’ purchase intentions of celebrity-endorsed products on Instagram: A parasocial interaction perspective. SEARCH Journal of Media and Communication Research, 12(1), 93–109.
Shen, H., Zhao, C., Fan, D. X. F., & Buhalis, D. (2022). The effect of hotel livestreaming on viewers’ purchase intention: Exploring the role of parasocial interaction and emotional engagement. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 107, 103348. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2022.103348
Siegenthaler, P., Aegerter, T., & Fahr, A. (2021). A Longitudinal Study on the Effects of Parasocial Relationships and Breakups With Characters of a Health-Related TV Show on Self-Efficacy and Exercise Behavior: The Case of The Biggest Loser. Communication & Sport, 11(4), 744–769. https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795211045039
Silaban, P. H., Silalahi, A. D. K., Octoyuda, E., Sitanggang, Y. K., Hutabarat, L., & Sitorus, A. I. S. (2022). Understanding hedonic and utilitarian responses to product reviews on youtube and purchase intention. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1), 2062910. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2062910
Sokolova, K., & Kefi, H. (2020). Instagram and YouTube bloggers promote it, why should I buy? How credibility and parasocial interaction influence purchase intentions. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 53, 101742. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.01.011
Sudirgo, G., & Cahyadi, L. (2024). Measuring the Role of Social Media and E-word of Mouth on Purchase Intention of Secondate Make-up Products. Kinerja, 28(1), 74–90. https://doi.org/10.24002/kinerja.v28i1.8338
Taher, S. S., Chan, T. J., Zolkepli, I. A., & Sharipudin, M. N. S. (2022). Mediating Role of Parasocial Relationships on Social Media Influencers’ Reputation Signals and Purchase Intention of Beauty Products. Romanian Journal of Communication and Public Relations, 24(3), 45–66. https://doi.org/10.21018/rjcpr.2022.3.348
Tamilmani, K., Rana, N. P., Prakasam, N., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2019). The battle of Brain vs. Heart: A literature review and meta-analysis of “hedonic motivation” use in UTAUT2. International Journal of Information Management, 46, 222–235. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.01.008
Wen-Kuo, C., Pei-Chu, H., Cheng-Kun, C., & Hua-Sheng, P. (2020). Understanding Consumers’ Post-Purchase Dissonance by Online Impulse Buying-Beauty Product. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Management of E-Commerce and e-Government, 46–51. https://doi.org/10.1145/3409891.3409910
Wibowo, L. A., Widjajanta, B., Fadillah, A., Riswanto, A., Aprianti, V., Widjaja, Y. R., Eka, A. P. B., Sujono, H., & Romif, M. V. (2020). Supply chain analysis of hedonic shopping value on behavioral intention creation of multinational footwear company. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 8, 745–752. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2020.7.005
Wolf, E. J., Harrington, K. M., Clark, S. L., & Miller, M. W. (2013). Sample Size Requirements for Structural Equation Models: An Evaluation of Power, Bias, and Solution Propriety. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 73(6), 913–934. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164413495237
Wulandari, S., & Yudiana, F. E. (2022). Measuring halal cosmetics consumers among Indonesian women. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Economics Research, 4(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijier.v4i1.6024
Zafina, N., & Sinha, A. (2024). Celebrity-fan relationship: studying Taylor Swift and Indonesian Swifties’ parasocial relationships on social media. Media Asia, 51(4), 533–547. https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2024.2304422
Zhang, L., Fan, Y., Zhang, W., & Zhang, S. (2019). Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior to Explain the Effects of Cognitive Factors across Different Kinds of Green Products. In Sustainability (Vol. 11, Issue 15). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154222
Zhong, Y., Shapoval, V., & Busser, J. (2021). The role of parasocial relationship in social media marketing: testing a model among baby boomers. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(5), 1870–1891. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-08-2020-0873
Zulfa, V. R. (2020). Anteseden Urge to Buy Impulsively: Studi Beauty Vlog pada Sosial Media Youtube. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Management (Jurnal Manajemen Teori Dan Terapan), 13(1), 16–30. https://doi.org/10.20473/jmtt.v13i1.15351
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30813/jbam.v17i2.6292
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
UNIVERSITAS BUNDA MULIA PRESS
PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER MANAJEMEN
Lantai 3 Ruang Pascasarjana - Universitas Bunda Mulia
Jl. Lodan Raya No. 2, Ancol – Jakarta Utara 14430, Indonesia
Telp: +62 21 692 9090 ext.1317
Email: jobamubm@gmail.com
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View My Stats