Pembelajaran daring dimasa pandemi ini bukan sesuatu hal yang mudah dan menimbulkan beberapa hambatan bagi mahasiswa. Adanya self-efficacy dapat membantu mahasiswa untuk memiliki persepsi yang lebih positif terhadap situasi saat ini dan juga sebagai faktor pendorong atau motivasi, sehingga mereka tetap terlibat dalam pembelajaran (student engagement).  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran self-efficacy terhadap student engagement pada mahasiswa di masa pandemi Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif.  Pengambilan data dilakukan kepada 306 partisipan, terdiri dari 115 mahasiswa dan 191 mahasiswi yang aktif dalam proses pembelajaran daring di beberapa provinsi di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa self-efficacy memengaruhi student engagement sebesar 36,9%. Selain itu, self-efficacy memiliki korelasi positif terhadap semua dimensi student engagement yaitu performance engagement (keterlibatan performa), emotional engagement (keterlibatan emosi), participation/interaction engagement (keterlibatan partisipasi), dan skill engagement (keterlibatan kemampuan).

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy The Exercise of Control. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company.

Beri, N. & Stanikzai, M.I. (2019). Self-efficacy beliefs, student engagement and learning in the classroom: A review paper. American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 22(1), 213-222.

Chang, D.F. & Chien, W.C. (2015). Determining the relationship between academic self-efficacy and student engagement by meta-analysis. International Conference on Education Reform and Modern Management, 15, 142-145.

Dixson, M.D. (2015). Measuring student engagement in the online course: The Online Student Engagement Scale (OSE). Online Learning, 19(4), p.143. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24059/olj.v19i4.561

Filippou, K. (2019). Students ’ Academic Self-efficacy in International Master ’ s Degree Programs in Finnish Universities. 31(1), 86–95.

Finn, J.D. & Zimmer, K.S. (2012). Student engagement: What is it? Why does it matter? In Handbook of Research on Student Engagement. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7

Fokkens-Bruinsma, M., Vermue, C., Deinum, J. F., & van Rooij, E. (2020). First-year academic achievement: the role of academic self-efficacy, self-regulated learning and beyond classroom engagement. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 0(0), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2020.184560.

Frye, B. (2020). Understanding student engagement among online clinical students during academic residence experience. Journal of Educators Online, 17(1)

Gunuc, S. (2014). The relationships between student engagement and their academic achievement. International Journal on New Trends in Education and Their Implications, 5(4), 19 , 199-214.

Hayat, A. A., & Shateri, K. (2019). The Role of Academic Self-Efficacy in Improving Students’ Metacognitive Learning Strategies. Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism, 7(4), 205–212. https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2019.81200

Hedeshi, V. M. (2017). The Effect of Self-Regulatory Learning Strategies on Academic Engagement and Task Value. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine, 15(10), 242–247. https://doi.org/10.5742/mewfm.2017.93168

Kamil, I. (2020, 3 September). Kilas balik pembelajaran jarak jauh akibat pandemi Covid-19. KOMPAS. Diakses dari https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/09/03/10063201/kilas-balik-pembelajaran-jarak-jauh-akibat-pandemi-covid-19?page=all

Kanaparan, G., Cullen, R., & Mason, D. (2017). Effect of Self-efficacy and Emotional Engagement on Introductory Programming Students. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 23, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3127/ajis.v23i0.1825

Lidiawati, K.R. & Helsa. (2021). Pembelajaran online selama pandemi Covid-19: Bagaimana strategi pembelajaran mandiri dapat mempengaruhi keterlibatan siswa? PSIBERNETIKA, 14(1), 1-10.

Lidiawati, K. R., Sinaga, N., & Rebecca, I. (2020). Peranan efikasi diri dan intelegensi terhadap prestasi belajar pada mahasiswa di Universitas XYZ. 7(2), 110–120. https://doi.org/10.24843/JPU.2020.v07.i02.p10

Linnenbrink, E.A. & Pintrich, P.R. (2003). The role of self-efficacy beliefs in student engagement and learning in the classroom. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 19, 119-137.

Mizumoto, A. (2012). Exploring the Effects of Self-efficacy on Vocabulary Learning strategies. Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal, 3, 423–437. https://doi.org/10.37237/030407

Nuutila, K., Tapola, A., Tuominen, H., Kupiainen, S., Pásztor, A., & Niemivirta, M. (2020). Reciprocal Predictions Between Interest, Self-Efficacy, and Performance During a Task. Frontiers in Education, 5(April). https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.00036

Olivier, E., Archambault, I., Clercq, M.D., & Galand, B. Student self-efficacy, classroom engagement, and academic achievement: Comparing three theoretical frameworks. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(2), 326-340.

Pasha-Zaidi, N., Afari, E., Sevi, B., Urganci, B., & Durham, J. (2019). Responsibility of learning: a cross-cultural examination of the relationship of grit, motivational belief and self-regulation among college students in the US, UAE and Turkey. Learning Environments Research, 22(1), 83–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-018-9268-y

Redmond, P., Abawi, L., Brown, A., Henderson, R., & Heffernan, A. (2018). An online engagement framework for higher education. Online Learning Journal, 22(1), 183-204.

Riswantyo, A. T., & Lidiawati, K. R. (2021). The Influence of Self-Efficacy on Resilience in Students Who Work in Thesis. 8(1), 35–39.

Schunk, D.H. & DiBenedetto, M.K. (2016). Self-efficacy theory in education. Dalam Handbook of Motivation at School. Routledge.

Schunk, D.H. & Mullen, C.A. (2012). Self-efficacy as an engaged learner. Dalam Handbook of Research on Student Engagement. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7

Tembo, L.H. & Ngwira, F.F. (2016). The impact of self-efficacy beliefs on learning strategoies: towards learning Human Anatomy at College of Medicine. Journal of Contemporary Medical Education, 4(2), 47-53.

Watson, J. C., & Watson, A. A. (2016). Coping Self-Efficacy and Academic Stress Among Hispanic First-Year College Students: The Moderating Role of Emotional Intelligence. Journal of College Counseling, 19(3), 218–230. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocc.12045

Yang, D., Lavonen, J.M., & Niemi, H. (2018). Online learning engagement: Critical factors and research evidence from literature. Themes in eLearning, 11(1), 1-18.

Zimmerman, B. J. (2009). Self-efficacy in changing societies (A. Bandura, Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University.

-y

Riswantyo, A. T., & Lidiawati, K. R. (2021). The Influence of Self-Efficacy on Resilience in Students Who Work in Thesis. 8(1), 35–39.

Watson, J. C., & Watson, A. A. (2016). Coping Self-Efficacy and Academic Stress Among Hispanic First-Year College Students: The Moderating Role of Emotional Intelligence. Journal of College Counseling, 19(3), 218–230. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocc.12045

Zimmerman, B. J. (2009). Self-efficacy in changing societies (A. Bandura, Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University.