ABSTRACT

It is projected that the spread of disinformation infodemic among the COVID-19 pandemic will be as quickly or even more rapidly than the virus itself. The absence of the government in quickly and accurately providing information is suspected of being the basis of this phenomenon. Several studies have attempted to examine how the disinformation is shared, absorbed and driven to other behaviors. Meanwhile, no preliminary study maps the features of disinformation to be used practically for prevention and for overcoming disinformation itself. This study aims to fill this gap by examining 174 disinformation during the pandemic of COVID-19. There are five types of COVID-19 disinformation in Indonesia, namely governance, health, foreign relations, business and crime. We argue that if these five categories are not taken seriously, they will create a public distrust of government and science. Another result that arises is the apathy towards the virus which will endanger the wider community. On the basis of these results, we propose a strict government intervention in the provision of knowledge and clarification of disinformation in different forms of social media.

Keywords:  hoax news, COVID-19, disinformation, misinformation

ABSTRAK

Infodemi disinformasi di tengah pandemi COVID-19 diproyeksi sama cepat atau bahkan lebih cepat dari virus itu sendiri. Fenomena ini ditengarai terjadi karena absennya negara dalam menyediakan informasi yang cepat dan tepat. Berbagai macam studi telah mencoba menguji bagaimana disinformasi dibagikan, dikonsumsi dan mengarahkan masyarakat untuk melakukan aktivitas tertentu. Sementara itu belum ada studi pendahuluan yang memetakan karakteristik disinformasi secara praktis untuk dimanfaatkan bagi tindakan preventif dan penanggulangan disinformasi itu sendiri. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengisi celah tersebut dengan menganalisis 174 disinformasi selama pandemi COVID-19. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat lima kategori disinformasi tentang COVID-19 di Indonesia yaitu politik, kesehatan, luar negeri, bisnis, dan kriminalitas. Kami berargumen bahwa kelima kategori tersebut jika tidak ditangani secara serius akan memunculkan sikap ketidakpercayaan publik terhadap otoritas pemerintah dan ilmu pengetahuan. Akibat lain yang muncul adalah sikap apatis terhadap virus tersebut yang akan membahayakan masyarakat luas. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, kami merekomendasikan kehadiran pemerintah yang tegas dalam memberikan informasi serta mengklarifikasi disinformasi yang muncul di berbagai macam media sosial.

Kata Kunci: berita hoaks, COVID-19, diinformasi, misinformasi

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