New voters aged 17 to 24, categorized as Generation Z, are highly proficient in digital technology and actively use social media as a primary source of political information, particularly through political memes. Social media fosters an echo chamber effect by continuously presenting similar political content, reinforcing existing beliefs and contributing to political polarization. This study examines the phenomenon of political polarization among new voters in the 2024 presidential election through political memes, utilizing the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) and the echo chamber concept as theoretical frameworks. A qualitative approach was employed, incorporating in-depth interviews with new voters who rely on social media for political information, content analysis of political memes on social media platforms, and a literature review. The findings indicate that new voters predominantly engage with political information through the central route of processing, relying on news portals, social media, and interpersonal discussions. However, social media algorithms reinforce an echo chamber effect by curating content based on users' previous interactions, leading to the polarization of supporters of different candidates (01, 02, and 03). This polarization manifests in heated debates and conflicts, particularly in the comment sections of social media posts featuring political memes. The subjective interpretation of memes—often infused with humor, satire, or sarcasm—exacerbates tensions, as they are perceived as either excessively supportive of or hostile toward particular candidates, further intensifying political divisions.

Aminulloh, A., Qorib, F., Fianto, L., & Setiamandani, E. D. (2022). Propaganda And Political Memes On Social Media In The 2019 Indonesian Presidential Election. Journal Of Islamic World And Politics, 6(2), 342–365. Https://Doi.Org/10.18196/Jiwp.V6i2.16115

Astreawan, I. G. S. (2022, July 14). Peran Pemilih Pemula Dalam Pemilu 2024. Https://Www.Kpu.Go.Id. Https://Www.Kpu.Go.Id/Berita/Baca/10700/Peran-Pemilih-Pemula-Dalam-Pemilu-2024

Azirah. (2019). Partisipasi Politik Pemilih Pemula Dalam Pesta Demokrasi. Politica: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara Dan Politik Islam, 6(2), 86–100. Https://Doi.Org/10.32505/Politica.V6i2.2735

Cinelli, M., De Francisci Morales, G., Galeazzi, A., Quattrociocchi, W., & Starnini, M. (2021). The Echo Chamber Effect On Social Media. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences, 118(9). Https://Doi.Org/10.1073/Pnas.2023301118

Diskominfo. (2024, February 7). Pemilih Pemula Dinilai Cerdas Dan Bersikap Kritis. Https://Main.Semarangkab.Go.Id. Https://Main.Semarangkab.Go.Id/Pemilih-Pemula-Dinilai-Cerdas-Dan-Bersikap-Kritis/

El Qudsi, M. I., & Syamtar, I. A. (2020). Instagram Dan Komunikasi Politik Generasi Z Dalam Pemilihan Presiden 2019 (Studi Pada Mahasiswa Universitas Pertamina). Perspektif Komunikasi: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi Politik Dan Komunikasi Bisnis, 4(2), 167. Https://Doi.Org/10.24853/Pk.4.2.167-185

Halversen, A., & Weeks, B. E. (2023). Memeing Politics: Understanding Political Meme Creators, Audiences, And Consequences On Social Media. Social Media + Society, 9(4). Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/20563051231205588

Hasyim, A., & Azkia, S. S. S. (2023). Pendidikan Politik Bagi Pemilih Pemula Dalam Pemilihan Umum 2024. Verfassung: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara, 2(2), 187–200. Https://Doi.Org/10.30762/Vjhtn.V2i2.281

Indrawan, J., Elfrita Barzah, R., & Simanihuruk, H. (2023). Instagram Sebagai Media Komunikasi Politik Bagi Generasi Milenial. Ekspresi Dan Persepsi : Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 6(1), 109–118. Https://Doi.Org/10.33822/Jep.V6i1.4519

Johann, M. (2022). Political Participation In Transition: Internet Memes As A Form Of Political Expression In Social Media. Studies In Communication Sciences. Https://Doi.Org/10.24434/J.Scoms.2022.01.3005

Johann, M., & Bülow, L. (2019). One Does Not Simply Create A Meme: Conditions For The Diffusion Of Internet Memes. International Journal Of Communication, 1720–1742.

Karim, A. M., Wibawa, A., & Arisanto, P. T. (2020). Partisipasi Politik Pemilih Pemula Di Media Sosial (Studi Deskriptif Tingkat Dan Pola Politik Partisipatif Gen-Z Kota Yogyakarta Melalui Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Instagram Tahun 2019). Jurnal Paradigma Polistat, 3(2). Https://Journal.Unpas.Ac.Id/Index.Php/Paradigmapolistaat/Article/View/3093/1628

Kasirye, F. (2019). The Effectiveness Of Political Memes As A Form Of Political Participation Amongst Millennials In Uganda. International Journal Social Sciences And Education, 13, 44–52.

Kemenpppa. (2024, February 5). Menteri Pppa Ajak Pemilih Pemula Jadi Pemilih Yang Cerdas Pada Pemilu 2024. Https://Www.Kemenpppa.Go.Id. Https://Www.Kemenpppa.Go.Id/Page/View/Nta1nw==#:~:Text=Menurut%20data%20komisi%20pemilihan%20umum,Terhadap%20politik%20yang%20cenderung%20pesimis.

Kominfo. (2021). Politik Digital Anak Muda. Https://Www.Kominfo.Go.Id. Https://Www.Kominfo.Go.Id/Content/Detail/34036/Politik-Digital-Anak-Muda/0/Artikel

Kriyantono, R. (2016). Teknik Praktis Riset Komunikasi (Edisi Pert). Kencana Prenada Media Group.

Littlejohn, S. W., Foss, K. A., & Oetzel, J. G. (2017). Theories Of Human Communication (Eleventh Edition). Waveland Press, Inc.

Mahadian, A. B., Sugandi, M. S., & Prasetio, A. (2019). Evolusi Wacana Politik Dalam Internet Meme. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi Dan Media, 23(1), 37. Https://Doi.Org/10.31445/Jskm.2019.1720

Mansyur, I. C. (2023). Polarisasi Politik Di Indonesia 2014-2019: Sebuah Kajian Pustaka. Jurnal Politik Profetik, 11(1), 1–22. Https://Doi.Org/10.24252/Profetik.V11i1a1

Muhamad, N. (2023, November 14). Ini Media Sosial Yang Dipakai Anak Muda Untuk Akses Informasi Politik. Https://Databoks.Katadata.Co.Id. Https://Databoks.Katadata.Co.Id/Datapublish/2023/11/14/Ini-Media-Sosial-Yang-Dipakai-Anak-Muda-Untuk-Akses-Informasi-Politik

Nazhif, A. (2022). Pengaruh Meme Politik Di Media Sosial Terhadap Literasi Politik Generasi Z (Studi Deskriptif Mahasiswa Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia) [Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia]. Http://Repository.Upi.Edu/80703/

Novian, R. M., & Rusmono, D. (2021). Pengaruh Sosial Media Instagram Terhadap Tingkat Literasi Politik Siswa. Jurnal Publis, 5(2).

Nugraha, A., Hasanah Sudrajat, R., & Primadani Satria Putri, B. (2015). Fenomena Meme Di Media Sosial: Studi Etnografi Virtual Posting Meme Pada Pengguna Media Sosial Instagram. Jurnal Sosioteknologi, 14(3), 237–245. Https://Doi.Org/10.5614/Sostek.Itbj.2015.14.3.3

Nugrahani, F., & Hum, M. (2014). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Cakra Books.

Pidkuĭmukha, L., & Kiss, N. (2020). Battle Of Narratives: Political Memes During The 2019 Ukrainian Presidential Election. Cognitive Studies | Études Cognitives, 20. Https://Doi.Org/10.11649/Cs.2246

Prihantoro, E., & Ohorella, N. R. (2020). Aplikasi Tik Tok Sebagai Media Kampanye Gerakan Cuci Tangan Sesuai Panduan Who Terhadap Kesadaran Hidup Sehat Mahasiswa. Mediakom : Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 4(2), 144–153. Https://Doi.Org/10.35760/Mkm.2020.V4i2.3602

Qolbi, S. A., Bahri, S., & Eriyanto, E. (2020). Sinisme Politik Dalam Meme: Studi Kasus Akun Instagram @Politicaljokesid [Universitas Indonesia]. Https://Lib.Ui.Ac.Id/Detail?Id=20499565&Lokasi=Lokal

Rianadiwa, S., Solakhudin, F., Salam, V. T., & Rahmawati, N. (2024). Upaya Pencegahan Polarisasi Politik Di Tahun Pemilu 2024. Sapientia Humana: Jurnal Sosial Humaniora, 4(01), 69–179.

Salikin, R. M. M. N., & Sulaksono, T. (2022). The Influence Of Political Memes In Social Media On The Level Of Political Participation Of Beginner Voters In The Presidential Election Year 2019 In Karimun District. Proceedings Of The International Conference On Public Organization (Iconpo 2021).

Soebakir, D. R., Pratama, B. I., & Hair, A. (2020). Pemetaan Meme Politik Pasca Pemilihan Umum Presiden Indonesia 2019. Kanal: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 8(2), 58–66. Https://Doi.Org/10.21070/Kanal.V8i2.220

Wibawana, W. A. (2024, January 19). Pemilu Serentak: Makna, Aturan Dan Jadwal Pelaksanaannya 2024. Https://News.Detik.Com. Https://News.Detik.Com/Pemilu/D-7150281/Pemilu-Serentak-Makna-Aturan-Dan-Jadwal-Pelaksanaannya-2024

Wibowo, K. A., Rahmawan, D., & Syafaat, A. H. (2020). Efikasi Politik Dan Jenjang Partisipasi Politik Pemilih Pemula. Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, 8(2), 152. Https://Doi.Org/10.24198/Jkk.V8i2.26433

Wulandari, V., Rullyana, G., & Ardiansah, A. (2021). Pengaruh Algoritma Filter Bubble Dan Echo Chamber Terhadap Perilaku Penggunaan Internet. Berkala Ilmu Perpustakaan Dan Informasi, 17(1), 98–111. Https://Doi.Org/10.22146/Bip.V17i1.423